Sleep Hygiene: The Science of Better Sleep

Discover evidence-based strategies to improve your sleep quality and wake up refreshed

Why Sleep Matters

Quality sleep is essential for physical health, mental clarity, and emotional wellbeing. Poor sleep can affect everything from your immune system to your mood and productivity. The good news is that by practicing good sleep hygiene, you can significantly improve your sleep quality.

In this guide, we'll explore the science of sleep, practical tips for better rest, and tools to help you establish healthy sleep habits.

Understanding Sleep Cycles

Sleep occurs in cycles of about 90 minutes, moving through different stages. Click on each stage to learn more:

Awake Time

Before sleep begins, we experience a period of relaxed wakefulness where brain waves slow down in preparation for sleep.

Characteristics:

  • Muscles begin to relax
  • Heart rate and breathing slow
  • Mind begins to quiet

Tips: Create a relaxing pre-sleep routine to ease this transition.

NREM Stage 1 (Light Sleep)

The transition from wakefulness to sleep, lasting several minutes.

Characteristics:

  • Brain produces alpha and theta waves
  • Easily awakened
  • May experience sudden muscle contractions (hypnic jerks)

Function: Begins the disconnection from external stimuli.

NREM Stage 2 (Deeper Light Sleep)

Makes up about 50% of total sleep time in adults.

Characteristics:

  • Body temperature drops
  • Heart rate and breathing become regular
  • Brain produces sleep spindles and K-complexes

Function: Memory consolidation and information processing.

NREM Stage 3 (Deep Sleep)

Also called slow-wave sleep, most restorative stage.

Characteristics:

  • Difficult to awaken
  • Brain produces delta waves
  • Growth hormone released

Function: Physical restoration, immune function, and energy replenishment.

REM Sleep (Dream Sleep)

Occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep, longer in later cycles.

Characteristics:

  • Rapid eye movements
  • Brain activity similar to wakefulness
  • Muscles temporarily paralyzed
  • Vivid dreaming occurs

Function: Emotional processing, memory consolidation, and brain development.

Sleep Calculator

Find your ideal bedtime based on when you need to wake up and complete sleep cycles:

Your Optimal Bedtimes

Based on 90-minute sleep cycles and your input:

Waking up at the end of a sleep cycle helps you feel more refreshed.

Evening Wind-Down Routine

A consistent pre-sleep routine signals your body it's time to rest. Try this 60-minute sequence:

1

60 minutes before bed: Digital Detox

Turn off screens (phones, TVs, computers) to reduce blue light exposure that suppresses melatonin.

2

45 minutes before bed: Relaxing Activity

Read a book (paper, not e-reader), listen to calming music, or practice gentle stretching.

3

30 minutes before bed: Prepare Your Space

Dim lights, adjust room temperature (cool is better), and ensure your bedroom is quiet and comfortable.

4

15 minutes before bed: Mindfulness Practice

Try deep breathing, meditation, or gratitude journaling to calm your mind.

5

Bedtime: Consistent Schedule

Aim to go to bed at the same time each night, even on weekends.

White Noise & Sleep Sounds

Soothing sounds can mask disruptive noises and promote relaxation. Try different options:

Rain
Ocean Waves
Forest
White Noise
Pink Noise
Brown Noise